Search Method Journal

SEO, Content & Modern Search Systems

SEO Glossary

Definitions are starting points for diagnosis. A tool may apply narrower counting rules, so keep its documentation beside any exported metric.

Search and technical terms

SEO
Search engine optimization: work to help relevant content be discovered, understood and useful in organic search.
SERP
Search engine results page: an interface containing results and potentially answers, media or other features.
Crawl
Request resources from a site as part of discovering or processing content.
Crawler
Software that systematically requests URLs, often following links and other discovery sources.
Rendering
Processing a page and its resources, potentially including JavaScript, into a representation of its content and layout.
Indexing
Processing and storing information so a search system can consider it for retrieval; fetching alone does not ensure inclusion.
Canonical
The representative URL selected for duplicate or substantially similar content; a declared preference can differ from the search engine selection.
robots.txt
A file that communicates crawl rules to compliant crawlers. It is not a reliable mechanism for removing a URL from an index.
noindex
An indexing directive requesting exclusion from search results when the crawler can access and read it.
XML sitemap
A structured list of URLs and optional metadata that helps discovery; it does not guarantee crawling or indexing.
Redirect
A response or mechanism that sends a request or visitor from one URL to another.
301
An HTTP status indicating a permanent move to another URL.
302
An HTTP status indicating a temporary redirect.
404
An HTTP status indicating that the requested resource was not found.
Backlink
A link from another website to a page on the site being examined.
Referring domain
A domain from which one or more backlinks are observed, under the tool’s counting rules.
Anchor text
The visible text associated with a hyperlink.
nofollow
A link relationship qualifier; Google treats it as a hint about handling the link, not a guaranteed barrier to discovery.
sponsored
A link relationship qualifier identifying advertising or paid placement.
UGC
User-generated content; the ugc link qualifier identifies links in contexts such as comments or forum posts.
Internal link
A link between pages within the same website.
Orphan page
A page without discoverable internal links in the site scope being examined; tools can miss links, so confirm the diagnosis.
Search intent
The inferred task or need behind a query, which may be ambiguous or change with context.
Keyword
A word or phrase used to describe or target a search topic; a user’s actual query may differ.
Long-tail query
A query in the lower-frequency portion of a demand distribution; length alone does not define it.
CTR
Click-through rate: clicks divided by impressions for a defined population.
Impression
Exposure counted according to a platform’s visibility and aggregation rules.
Conversion
A defined valuable action, such as completing a task or purchase, measured according to the site’s setup.
Structured data
Machine-readable statements about content, often embedded in a page; correct markup does not guarantee a special search appearance.
Schema
A vocabulary or structure for describing data. Schema.org provides shared types and properties used in structured data.
Content cannibalization
Potentially harmful overlap where multiple pages compete to serve essentially the same search task without a useful distinction; shared keywords alone are not proof.
Core Web Vitals
User-experience metrics covering loading (LCP), responsiveness (INP) and visual stability (CLS).
DA
Domain Authority, a proprietary Moz score; not a Google ranking metric.
DR
Domain Rating, a proprietary Ahrefs backlink-profile metric; not a Google ranking metric.
TF
Trust Flow, a proprietary Majestic metric focused on link quality within its model; not a Google ranking metric.
CF
Citation Flow, a proprietary Majestic link-influence metric; not a Google ranking metric.
Search Console
Google’s tool for verified site owners to inspect reported search performance, indexing and related diagnostics.

Use the terms in context

Follow the diagnostic stages for a practical investigation, or compare measures in SEO Metrics Explained. Technical references include Google’s link-qualification guidance, Core Web Vitals documentation and Schema.org’s vocabulary overview.